Lighting and Power Plan Drawing

How To Read Electrical Plans

Calibration of Reflected Ceiling Plans

Reflected ceiling plans should exist drawn at the aforementioned scale as the floor plans. Depending on the complexity of the project and ceiling treatment, the well-nigh common calibration for residential and minor commercial projects is i// = 1'-0" (1:50 metric) and V8" = 1'-0" (1:100 metric) for large commercial projects. The scale the ceiling plan is drawn at should be noted and placed directly below the drawing, either side by side to or directly below the title. If an enlarged detail is needed to explain a feature in the ceiling, it is keyed with a note or symbol to a separate, larger-calibration drawing.

The luminaires should be fatigued equally simple rectangles, squares, or circles that depict the actual fixture as closely as possible. Simplistic forms preclude clutter in the view for ease of recognition. In most cases, the lighting fixture is drawn to the scale of the actual fixtures. Nevertheless, in some cases such equally miniature spotlights, the size may have to exist exaggerated, as the properly scaled unit of measurement would be too small to show up on the plan.

PARTIAL REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

An enlarged detail of a blackout shade is fatigued in section view and keyed to its location in the modest reflected ceiling programme.

Lighting fixtures are represented with symbols in the reflected ceiling plan and keyed to a legend showing specifications.

Drafting Standards for the Reflected Ceiling Plan

A reflected ceiling plan must clearly show all walls, partitions, and soffits that intersect with the ceiling. It should besides specify changes in ceiling elevations and materials, such as lights, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and HVAC diffusers that attach to or penetrate the ceiling. In drafting reflected ceiling plans, the designer should reproduce the floor plan walls and openings such equally doors and windows, merely without showing items such as built-in cabinetry, fitting, etc.

The lighting fixtures and other electrical features shown on the reflected ceiling plan are given symbols that are keyed to a legend. It is advisable to draw in all the electrical symbols on the plan earlier it is dimensioned or notes are added. If non, a symbol may fall on top of a dimension, thus requiring the dimension to be moved. Locate the low-cal fixtures in the ceiling program in accord with the lighting design concept. Common types of light fixtures on the lighting plan include surface-mounted, recessed, pendant, and track-mounted.

On commercial projects where there is a suspended ceiling, the reflected ceiling plans would show whatsoever partitions that extend through the ceiling plane as well. The ceiling grid lines (called "T" confined) should too exist shown. Other information included in the reflected ceiling plan are the ceiling materials, ceiling heights, ceiling slopes, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lighting fixtures (including go out and emergency lights), air dif-fusers and vents, access panels, speakers, sprinkler heads (if used), and other items that touch or are part of the ceiling aeroplane.

Adjacent, the interior designer should make up one's mind how the lights in the infinite are to be switched. For residential or small commercial

Standard lighting and electrical symbols

The ceiling grid, as well as lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The ceiling filigree, as well as lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The switching can either be shown on the reflected ceiling programme or on the electrical lighting program. The switching pattern should be based on how much individual control is needed and the function of the lighting. Energy conservation needs and maximum excursion loads within the circuits will too determine the number and location of the switches. More often than not, switches are located near the door or opening leading into the space. Large spaces that have more one entry may require multiple switching locations.

After locating the switches, make up one's mind which luminaires they should control and delineate this on the plan. This tin be washed in two ways, depending on the size and complexity of the lighting plan.

The first method is to draw a line from the wall switch to the fixtures it controls. This connecting line should exist dashed and curved to distinguish information technology from other objects and items on the cartoon. Curved lines are preferred, as straight lines may go mixed upward with wall lines or other items that are fatigued in the plan. The connecting curved line should touch the outlet or fixture symbol. The symbol for switches can exist a simple S. If a particular lighting fixture is switched from 2 locations, the symbols will be S3 to indicate that three items (two switches and 1 lighting fixture) are connected electrically.

The 2d method of showing light-fixture switching is to assign a number or letter to the switch and to identify this aforementioned number in or near the light fixture shown in the ceiling plan. This method is used primarily in commercial spaces, where there might exist a lot of multiple switching and other items placed on the ceiling plan, so that the use of lines (the first method) could complicate the drawing.

After the interior designer lays out the lighting and switching, the cartoon is given to an electric engineer, who indicates the exact circuitry, wire sizes, and other specifications required for the electrical organization. In residential spaces, the drawing might be given directly to the electrical contractor, as the circuitry and requirements here are not as complex as those in commercial work.

Designation of Materials

When preparing the reflected ceiling plan, the designer must call out types and locations of specific ceiling materials. This tin can be done by placing notes on the plan, or symbols that are referenced to a ceiling material legend. The two nigh mutual ceiling systems used are gypsum board ceilings that are attached to the structure above, and suspended acoustical ceilings. Other ceiling finishes might include forest facing, linear metal, or even exposed wood joists and beams. Dimensioning Reflected Ceiling Plans

As the reflected ceiling plans are by and large drawn to a scale that matches the floor plans, there is no demand for a lot of dimensioning on the program, unless ceiling breaks or changes of materials occur where they are not obviously located at a door, wall, or column location. Equally long as the reflected ceiling plan is fatigued to scale, the dimensions of the spaces and structure can be reserved for the floor plan. Even so, in some cases, the sizes of the units and the fixture locations do demand to be dimensioned. This is especially truthful for large expanses of gypsum board ceiling, where the scale cannot be as easily adamant as in a gridded suspended ceiling assembly (where, for instance, one can count units to locate the low-cal fixture).

When dimensioning the reflected ceiling plan, either "end" dimensions or "framing" dimensions can be used, but the choice must exist noted on the plans. Elements such equally recessed light troffers tin be precisely located in the finished space. If a downlight in a gypsum wallboard ceiling is to exist used, information technology mostly is dimensioned to its eye bespeak and then the electric contractor knows where to install

PARTIAL REFLECTED CEILING Programme

sc: i/4"= r-o"

it. Alignment and direction of patterns might demand to exist dimensioned directly on the plan. In these instances, references should be given that are easily obtainable in the field. Dimensions should be referenced from the face of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room, as illustrated in Figure 14-17.

The recessed down lights in this reflected ceiling plan are dimensioned in relation to each other and various wall elements and soffits.

Checklist for Reflected Ceiling Plans

General

• Championship the drawing, note its calibration, and place north (or reference management).
• If needed, develop a ceiling blazon fabric schedule and central information technology to the plan.
• Develop a lighting symbol legend and locate it on the same sheet as the get-go reflected ceiling programme (if more one is required), or on a nearby sheet.
• Clean upward the programme (or in CAD, turn off superfluous information) and so the walls, spaces, and central codes are articulate, dark, and very legible. Don't evidence items unless they are on the ceiling airplane or intersecting it.
• Draw in major soffits or openings in a higher place and call them out in a note, including attic access panels.
• Pouche walls, if applicable.
• Decide on the switching patterns of the light fixtures (if the interior designer has this responsibility) and show by the curved-line method or use of numbers/letters.
• Cross-reference the reflected ceiling plan to other drawings (if applicable), carefully checking for accuracy and abyss of information.

Notations

• Note where the ceiling level changes or slopes if this has a direct effect on the calorie-free fixtures and their installation.
• Note special features, clearances, finished ceiling heights above finish floors, alignments, and other important items.
• Cross-reference the plan with symbols and reference to the lighting schedule, details, and other drawings as needed.

Dimensions

• Dimension the locations of light fixtures and changes in ceiling types that are not readily apparent. Locate to such items as columns or existing walls.
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.
• Dimension lighting coves and other structural lighting, or create large-scale drawings of these and cross-reference.

Electrical Plans

Electric plans can include electric outlets, telephones, communication devices, and other items requiring electric power. In pocket-sized projects, these items tin can exist shown together with the lighting. An example of this type of cartoon is illustrated in Figure 14-xviii. On large commercial projects, the electrical plan, often referred to as a power or power/communication plan, shows the outlets and related electrical devices separately (Figure 14-19). In most cases, the plumbing fixtures and items such equally cabinetry and other built-in items are shown in lodge to more than closely coordinate the location of electrical power devices. In some instances, such as in open up-office situations, designers too prefer to bear witness the piece of furniture, as many times it relates directly to the electric outlet locations (Figure 14-20). The interior designer prepares the power plan and so forward it to the electrical engineer to detail the circuitry, wire sizes, panel boxes, and other electrical specifications. On minor residential plans, the drawing is given straight to the electric contractor to install the work according to accustomed practices.

The telephone and other communication systems are also generally shown on the electric plan. Locations of telephones, public accost systems, computer terminals, intercommunication devices, and security systems are the responsibility of the interior designer in consultation with specialists. The designer draws a power/communications program that schematically shows where power is needed for special equipment. Symbols for electrical devices are by and large keyed to a legend that is on the same sheet as the plan. The electrical engineer or other organisation specialists do most of the detailed specifications for these devices.

Electric 4 LIGHTING PLAN

In large commercial projects, a separate electrical/ability program with a fable specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out and then that the electrical plan tin can be hands read.

A ability plan oftentimes includes telephone and other advice devices.

In large commercial projects, a separate electrical/ability plan with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out then that the electrical programme tin be easily read.

Scale of Electrical Plans

Electrical plans in commercial spaces are generally drawn at the same scale as the floor plans. The most common calibration for commercial projects is V8" = 50'-O" (one:100 metric). Still, in complex installations, the calibration might be increased to V4" = l'-O" (ane:50 metric). The calibration the programme is drawn at should exist noted and placed either adjacent to or directly beneath the title.

Drafting Standards for Electrical Plans

Electric plans must prove all interior and exterior walls, stairs, and big devices, such equally furnaces, water heaters, etc., that crave power. Congenital-in fixtures and cabinetry, such as in bathrooms and kitchens, should likewise be drawn to better locate the electric outlets and other devices. The walls should exist drawn with lighter line weights so they practise non dominate the cartoon. Locate the convenience outlets on the walls where they are to be mounted, and call out the dimension higher up the finished floor (A.F.F.). Remember to annotation any special requirements such as weatherproof (WP), split-wired, or special-purpose connections. Mutual electric symbols are shown in Figure 14-21.

Designation of Materials

Electric plans are primarily diagrammatic. Although they are drawn to a scale that matches the floor plans, the electrical devices are oft too small to portray in the cartoon at their verbal scale. They are drawn as an oversize symbol to be hands recognized. To keep the drawing simple, materials such as finish flooring and other items are not delineated.

Dimensioning Electrical Plans

Electric plans are fatigued to a scale that mostly matches the floor plans. There is no demand for a lot of dimensioning on the electrical plan, equally items can exist located to scale on the floor plans. Withal, in some cases, electrical outlets and other devices practise need to be dimensioned to accurately identify them where they can be easily accessed when the edifice is occupied. This is particularly true for large expanses of wall where the scale cannot be accurately determined by scaling the drawing. In such instances, references should be given that are easily obtainable in the field, dimensioning from the face of a wall, cavalcade, or imaginary centerline of a room. If a horizontal dimension is not given for a wall outlet, the electrician volition place it as close as possible to the designer's program. The electrician might choose to attach the outlet to a wall stud rather than locating it between two studs if the designer has not dimensioned a specific location.

Although nearly electrical outlets practise not need to be exactly located, at that place are some exceptions, such as in this bar area, where outlets must coordinate with equipment.

Partial Electric Programme

Checklist for Electrical Plans

General

• Title the drawing, note its calibration, and identify north (or reference direction).
• Championship the accompanying electrical schedule and key information technology to the plan.
• Add notes to clarify any abbreviations that are not usually recognized.
• Make clean up the plan (or in CAD, turn off superfluous information) so the walls, spaces, and key electrical codes are clear, nighttime, and very legible.
• Cross-reference the electrical plan to other drawings and schedules, carefully checking for accuracy and abyss of information.

Notations

• Note special situations, such as devices supplied past owner or others.
• Note special features, clearances, outlet locations above end floors, cabinetry, and other items.
• Annotation alignments and other of import items that affect the electric programme.

Dimensions

• Dimension location of outlets and changes in floor or wall types that affect the outlet installation.
• Dimension outlets to walls, wall corners or intersections, and other items such as columns.
• Dimension the appropriate outlets to the proper distance higher up the finished floor (A.F.F.).
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.

The mechanical systems of a building are normally referred to collectively as the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and refrigerate-ing) organization. The HVAC system ensures that the occupants of a building are provided with a comfortable environment. The system does more than provide heating for winter and cooling for summer. It brings in fresh air, circulates it through the interiors, and exhausts stale air and odors. Information technology can also treat air to command humidity, dust, pollen, and other undesirable conditions.

The plumbing system in a building serves a number of different functions, such every bit delivering water to people and machines through pressurization (water supply), and ejecting water to be removed through gravity (drainage). Plumbing serves three basic needs: it provides water for homo consumption, sanitary drainage of wastes, and mechanical systems. Water might be used for equipment or serve an automated sprinkler system, equally discussed later in this affiliate under plumbing plans. Some commercial buildings might also accept a storm drainage system that rids the roof or other areas of rainfall or flooding. Such systems are separate from the sanitary sewage pipe and collect into a storm sewer or are routed to a curbside drainage. A building might too have a waterfall feature, fountain, pond, or other decorative element that has a specialized, recirculating h2o organisation.

Mechanical and plumbing drawings involve a lot of communication, coordination, and teamwork among the various design professionals and the contractors. The professional offices that produce the HVAC and plumbing drawings must be aware of 1

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