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what happens to st joseph in bible history

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Christian saint; husband of Mary and legal father of Jesus

Saint

Joseph
Guido Reni - St Joseph with the Infant Jesus - WGA19304.jpg

Saint Joseph with the Infant Jesus by Guido Reni, c.  1635

Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Legal father of Jesus
Prince and Patron of the Universal Church
Guardian of the Holy Family
Venerated in All Christian denominations that venerate saints
Feast 19 March – Saint Joseph, Husband of Mary (Western Christianity)

The third Wednesday after Easter Sun – The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Patron of the Universal Church (Catholic Church building)
1 May – Memorial of Saint Joseph the Worker (Catholic Church building) The Dominicus after the Nativity of the Lord (Eastern Christianity)

Monday after sixth Sunday later on feast of the Holy Cross (Armenian Apostolic Church)[1]
Attributes Carpenter'south square or tools, property the babe Jesus, staff with lily blossoms, two turtle doves, rod of spikenard.
Patronage Catholic Church building, among others fathers, workers, married people, persons living in exile, the sick and dying, for a holy death

Joseph (Hebrew: יוסף, romanized: Yosef ; Greek: Ἰωσήφ, romanized: Ioséph ) was a 1st-century Jewish human of Nazareth who, according to the canonical Gospels, was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was the legal father of Jesus.[2]

The Gospels as well name some brothers of Jesus,[3] who may also have been the sons of Joseph from an earlier marriage; the Gospel of James, an counterfeit piece of work of the late 2nd century, and Epiphanius theorized this view. This position is still held in the Orthodox churches, only the Western church holds to Jerome's argument that both Joseph and Mary must have been lifelong virgins and that the "brothers" must have been cousins of Jesus. Perspectives on Joseph as a historical figure are distinguished from a theological reading of the Gospel texts.[4]

Joseph is venerated every bit Saint Joseph in the Cosmic Church, Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and Anglicanism. His feast day is observed by some Lutherans.[5] [6] In Catholic traditions, Joseph is regarded every bit the patron saint of workers and is associated with diverse feast days. The month of March is dedicated to Saint Joseph. Pope Pius IX declared him to exist both the patron and the protector of the Cosmic Church, in addition to his patronages of the sick and of a happy death, due to the belief that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary. Joseph has become patron of various dioceses and places. Being a patron saint of the virgins, as well, he is venerated as "nearly chaste".[7] [8] A specific veneration is tributed to the near celibate and pure heart of Saint Joseph.[9] [ten]

Several venerated images of Saint Joseph take been granted a decree of canonical coronation past a pontiff. Religious iconography often depicts him with lilies or spikenard. With the present-solar day growth of Mariology, the theological field of Josephology has besides grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed.[xi] [12]

In the New Testament [edit]

The Pauline epistles are the oldest extant Christian writings.[thirteen] These mention Jesus' mother (without naming her), but do not refer to his male parent. The Gospel of Marker, believed to exist the starting time gospel to be written and with a engagement about two decades after Paul, too does not mention Jesus' begetter.[xiv]

The first advent of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew and Luke, often dated from effectually lxxx–ninety Advertising. Each contains a genealogy of Jesus showing ancestry from King David, just through different sons; Matthew follows the major purple line from Solomon, while Luke traces another line back to Nathan, another son of David and Bathsheba. Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are unlike.

Like the two differing genealogies, the infancy narratives announced only in Matthew and Luke and take different approaches to reconciling the requirement that the Messiah be born in Bethlehem with the tradition that Jesus in fact came from Nazareth. In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary. Following the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, Joseph is told past an affections in a dream to accept the family to Egypt to escape the massacre of the children of Bethlehem planned past Herod, the ruler of the Roman province of Judea. Once Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return but to avoid Herod's son, and he takes his wife and the child to Nazareth in Galilee and settles in that location. Thus in Matthew, the babe Jesus, similar Moses, is in peril from a cruel male monarch, like Moses he has a (fore)father named Joseph who goes down to Egypt, like the One-time Attestation Joseph this Joseph has a father named Jacob, and both Josephs receive of import dreams foretelling their future.[15]

In the Gospel book of Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus is born in Bethlehem because Joseph and Mary have to travel in that location to be counted in a census. Subsequently, Jesus was built-in there. Luke's account makes no mention of him existence visited by angels (Mary and diverse others instead receive similar visitations), the Massacre of the Innocents, or of a visit to Arab republic of egypt.

The last time Joseph appears in person in any of the canonical Gospels is in the narrative of the Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years old, which is found only in Luke. No mention is made of him thereafter.[16] The story emphasizes Jesus' awareness of his coming mission: here Jesus speaks to his parents (both of them) of "my begetter," significant God, but they neglect to understand (Luke 2:41–51).

Christian tradition represents Mary every bit a widow during the adult ministry building of her son. Joseph is non mentioned as existence nowadays at the Wedding ceremony at Cana at the beginning of Jesus' mission, nor at the Passion at the end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion, he would under Jewish custom have been expected to accept accuse of Jesus' body, but this role is instead performed by Joseph of Arimathea. Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her hubby had been live.[17]

While none of the Gospels mentions Joseph as present at any issue during Jesus' adult ministry, the synoptic Gospels share a scene in which the people of Nazareth, Jesus' hometown, uncertainty Jesus' status as a prophet because they know his family unit. In Mark 6:3, they telephone call Jesus "Mary'due south son" instead of naming his begetter. In Matthew, the townspeople call Jesus "the carpenter's son," again without naming his male parent. (Matthew 13:53–55) In Luke iii:23 NIV: "Now Jesus himself was well-nigh thirty years old when he began his ministry. He was the son, so it was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli," (Luke iv:16–30); or alternatively punctuated: "(ὡς ἐνομ. τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ) τοῦ Ἡλί, 'the son (equally supposed of Joseph, but in reality) of Heli'".[18] In Luke the tone of the contemporary people is positive, whereas in Marker and Matthew information technology is disparaging.[nineteen] This incident does not appear in John, only in a parallel story the disbelieving neighbors refer to "Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know" (John 6:41–51).

Mentions in the Gospels [edit]

The Gospels on Saint Joseph
No. Outcome Matthew Mark Luke John
i Joseph lived in Nazareth Luke ii:four
two Genealogy of Jesus Matthew 1:1–17 Solomon to Jacob Luke three:23 Nathan to Heli
3 Joseph Betrothed to Mary Matthew one:18
4 Angel visits Joseph (1st dream) Matthew 1:xx–21
5 Joseph and Mary travel to Bethlehem Luke two:i–5
6 Birth of Jesus Matthew 1:25 Luke 2:vi–vii
7 Temple presentation Luke 2:22–24
8 Angel tells Joseph to abscond (2nd dream) Matthew 2:xiii
nine Flight into Egypt Matthew 2:14–15
10 Affections tells Joseph to return to Nazareth (3rd dream) Matthew two:19–20
11 Joseph and family settle in Nazareth Matthew 2:21–23 Luke 2:39
12 Finding Jesus in the Temple Luke 2:41–51
thirteen Holy Family unit John 6:41–42

Lineage [edit]

Joseph appears in Luke equally the father of Jesus and in a "variant reading in Matthew".[20] Matthew and Luke both contain a genealogy of Jesus showing his ancestry from David, merely through different sons; Matthew follows the major regal line from Solomon, while Luke traces another line back to Nathan, some other son of David and Bathsheba. Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. According to Matthew 1:16 "Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary", while according to Luke 3:23, Joseph is said to be "the son of Heli".

The variances between the genealogies given in Matthew and Luke are explained in a number of ways; i possibility is that Matthew's genealogy traces Jesus' legal descent, according to Jewish constabulary, through Joseph; while Luke's genealogy traces his actual physical descent through Mary.[21] [22]

Professional life [edit]

In the Gospels, Joseph'due south occupation is mentioned only in one case. The Gospel of Matthew[xiii:55] asks about Jesus:

Is not this the carpenter's son (ho tou tektōnos huios)?

Joseph's description as a "tekton" (τέκτων) has been traditionally translated into English as "carpenter", but is a rather general discussion (from the aforementioned root that gives us "technical" and "engineering science"[23]) that could cover makers of objects in various materials.[24] The Greek term evokes an artisan with wood in full general, or an artisan in iron or stone.[25] Merely the specific association with woodworking is a abiding in Early Christian tradition; Justin Martyr (died c. 165) wrote that Jesus fabricated yokes and ploughs, and there are similar early references.[26]

Other scholars have argued that tekton could equally mean a highly skilled craftsman in woods or the more prestigious metal, perhaps running a workshop with several employees, and noted sources recording the shortage of skilled artisans at the fourth dimension.[27] Geza Vermès has stated that the terms 'carpenter' and 'son of a carpenter' are used in the Jewish Talmud to signify a very learned human, and he suggests that a description of Joseph as 'naggar' (a carpenter) could signal that he was considered wise and highly literate in the Torah.[28] At the fourth dimension of Joseph, Nazareth was an obscure village in Galilee, about 65 kilometres (twoscore mi) from the Holy City of Jerusalem, and is barely mentioned in surviving non-Christian texts and documents.[29] [thirty] [31] [32] Archaeology over most of the site is made impossible by subsequent edifice, only from what has been excavated and tombs in the area effectually the village, it is estimated that the population was at nearly about 400.[33] Information technology was, even so, just about 6 kilometers from the urban center of Sepphoris, which was destroyed and depopulated by the Romans in 4 BC, and thereafter was expensively rebuilt. Assay of the landscape and other show suggest that in Joseph's lifetime Nazareth was "oriented toward" the nearby metropolis,[34] which had an overwhelmingly Jewish population although with many signs of Hellenization,[35] and historians have speculated that Joseph and later on Jesus likewise might have traveled daily to work on the rebuilding. Specifically the large theatre in the metropolis has been suggested, although this has angry much controversy over dating and other problems.[36] Other scholars see Joseph and Jesus equally the full general village craftsmen, working in woods, stone, and metal on a wide variety of jobs.[37]

Modern appraisal [edit]

Decease of Saint Joseph, following the apocryphal account. Jacques Stella, 1650s

The proper noun "Joseph" is found almost exclusively in the genealogies and the infancy narratives.[38] [39] Modern positions on the question of the relationship between Joseph and the Virgin Mary vary. The Eastern Orthodox Church, which names Joseph's first wife as Salome , holds that Joseph was a widower and matrimonial to Mary,[twoscore] and that references to Jesus' "brothers" were children of Joseph from a previous marriage. The position of the Cosmic Church building, derived from the writings of Jerome, is that Joseph was the husband of Mary, merely that references to Jesus' "brothers" should be understood to hateful cousins. Such usage is prevalent throughout history, and occurs elsewhere in the Bible. Abraham'due south nephew Lot (Genesis 11:26-28) was referred to every bit his blood brother (Genesis 14:14), as was Jacob's uncle Laban (Genesis 29:15). Jesus himself frequently used the word "brother" equally a generic term for one's fellow man. This custom has connected into modern times, with shut friends, colleagues, and young man churchgoers ofttimes called "brothers and sisters." Generally, certain Protestants read "brothers and sisters" of Jesus as referring specifically to children born of Mary. The doctrine of the Perpetual virginity of Mary ways amongst other things that Joseph and Mary never had sexual relations.

The term kiddushin, which refers to the first part of a two-part marriage, is oft translated as "betrothal". Couples who fulfill the requirements of the kiddushin are married, until expiry or divorce.[41] [42] [43]

Decease [edit]

The New Testament has no mention of Joseph'southward expiry, only he is never mentioned after Jesus'due south babyhood, and Mary is always presented as by herself, often dressed as a widow, in other texts and fine art covering the period of the ministry building and passion of Jesus. By dissimilarity, the apocryphal History of Joseph the Carpenter, from the 5th or 6th century, has a long account of Joseph's peaceful death, at the age of 111, in the presence of Jesus (aged about 19), Mary and angels. This scene starts to appear in art in the 17th century.[44]

Later apocryphal writings [edit]

The canonical gospels created a problem: they stated clearly that Mary was a virgin when she conceived Jesus, and that Joseph was not his father; yet Joseph'due south paternity was essential to found Jesus' Davidic descent. The theological situation was complicated by the gospel references to Jesus' "brothers and sisters" (repeated in Paul, where James is called the "brother of the Lord"), and by the fact that Jesus was described unambiguously by John and Matthew as "Joseph's son" and "the carpenter'southward son".[45] From the 2nd century to the 5th writers tried to explain how Jesus could be simultaneously the "son of God" and the "son of Joseph".[45]

The outset to offer a solution was the counterfeit Gospel of James (too known every bit the Protoevangelium of James), written well-nigh 150 AD. The original gospels never refer to Joseph'due south age, but the author presents him every bit an old man chosen by lot (i.eastward., past God) to watch over the Virgin. Jesus' brothers are presented equally Joseph's children by an earlier marriage."[46]

The apocryphal History of Joseph the Carpenter, written in the fifth century and framed equally a biography of Joseph dictated past Jesus, describes how Joseph, aged 90, a widower with four sons and two daughters, is given charge of the twelve-year-sometime Mary, who then lives in his household raising his youngest son James the Less (the supposed author of the Protoevangelium) until she is ready to be married at age fourteen½. Joseph's expiry at the historic period of 111, attended by angels and asserting the perpetual virginity of Mary, takes upward approximately half the story.[47]

Church Fathers [edit]

Co-ordinate to the bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius, in his piece of work The Panarion (Advertising 374–375) Joseph became the male parent of James and his three brothers (Joses, Simeon, Judah) and two sisters (a Salome and a Mary[48] or a Salome and an Anna[49]) with James being the eldest sibling. James and his siblings were not children of Mary simply were Joseph'due south children from a previous marriage. Subsequently Joseph'southward first wife died, many years later when he was lxxx, "he took Mary (female parent of Jesus)".[l] [51]

Eusebius of Caesarea relates in his Church History (Book Iii, ch. 11) that "Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph and an uncle of Jesus."[52] Epiphanius adds that Joseph and Cleopas were brothers, sons of "Jacob, surnamed Panther."[53]

Origen quotes the Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity Celsus (from his work On the Truthful Doctrine, c. 178 AD) equally controversially asserting that Joseph left Mary upon learning of her pregnancy: "...when she was pregnant she was turned out of doors by the carpenter to whom she had been betrothed, every bit having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a kid to a certain soldier named Panthera."[54] Origen, still, argues that Celsus's claim was a made story.[55]

Veneration [edit]

Holy Family with the Holy Spirit past Murillo, 1675–1682

The earliest records of a formal devotional following for Saint Joseph date to the year 800 and references to him as Nutritor Domini (educator/guardian of the Lord) began to appear in the 9th century, and continued growing to the 14th century.[56] [57] [58] Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the intendance and protection of a human father.[59] [threescore]

In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Bernardine of Siena, Pierre d'Ailly, and Jean Gerson.[56] Gerson wrote Consideration sur Saint Joseph and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at the Council of Constance.[61] In 1889 Pope Leo 13 issued the encyclical Quamquam pluries in which he urged Catholics to pray to Saint Joseph, equally the patron of the church in view of the challenges facing the church. Besides, Leo stated that Saint Joseph "set himself to protect with a mighty dear and a daily solicitude his spouse and the Divine Infant; regularly by his work he earned what was necessary for the one and the other for nourishment and clothing"[62]

Josephology, the theological report of Saint Joseph, is one of the most contempo theological disciplines.[63] In 1989, on the occasion of the centenary of Quamquam pluries Pope John Paul Two issued Redemptoris Custos (Guardian of the Redeemer), which presented Saint Joseph'southward role in the plan of redemption, equally role of the "redemption documents" issued by John Paul Ii such equally Redemptoris Mater to which it refers.[64] [65] [66] [67]

Together with the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus, Joseph is one of the three members of the Holy Family unit; since he just appears in the birth narratives of the Gospels, Jesus is depicted as a child when with him. The formal veneration of the Holy Family began in the 17th century by François de Laval.

In 1962, Pope John XXIII inserted the name of Joseph in the Catechism of the Mass, immediately after that of the Blest Virgin Mary. In 2013, Pope Francis had his name added to the three other Eucharistic Prayers.[68]

Banquet days [edit]

Feast of Saint Joseph
Guido Reni - Saint Joseph and the Christ Child - Google Art Project.jpg

Saint Joseph and the Christ Kid past Guido Reni, 1640
Observed past Cosmic Church
Lutheran Church
Celebrations Conveying blest fava beans, wearing red-coloured vesture, assembling home altars dedicated to Saint Joseph, attending a Saint Joseph's Twenty-four hour period parade
Observances Church attendance at Mass or Divine Service
Begins nineteen March
Frequency annual

Saint Joseph's Day [edit]

xix March, Saint Joseph's Twenty-four hour period, has been the principal banquet mean solar day of Saint Joseph in Western Christianity[69] [70] since the 10th century, and is celebrated by Catholics, Anglicans, many Lutherans, and other denominations.[71] In Eastern Orthodoxy, the feast day of Saint Joseph is historic on the First Sunday after the Nativity of Christ. In the Catholic Church building, the Feast of Saint Joseph (19 March) is a solemnity (showtime grade if using the Tridentine calendar), and is transferred to another date if impeded (i.e., 19 March falling on Sunday or in Holy Week).[ citation needed ]

Joseph is remembered in the Church of England with a Festival on 19 March.[72]

Popular customs among Christians of various liturgical traditions observing Saint Joseph's Day are attending Mass or the Divine Service, wearing red-coloured clothing, carrying dried fava beans that have been blessed, and assembling home altars dedicated to Saint Joseph.[73]

In Sicily, where Saint Joseph is regarded by many as their patron saint, and in many Italian-American communities, thanks are given to Saint Joseph (San Giuseppe in Italian) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Centre Ages. According to legend, at that place was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph'south intercession, they would fix a large feast to honor him. The rain did come up, and the people of Sicily prepared a big feast for their patron saint. The fava bean was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional role of Saint Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Twenty-four hour period custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat a Neapolitan pastry known as a zeppola (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Naples) on Saint Joseph's Day.[74] Maccu di San Giuseppe is a traditional Sicilian dish that consists of various ingredients and maccu that is prepared on this twenty-four hour period.[75] Maccu is a foodstuff and soup that dates to aboriginal times which is prepared with fava beans as a primary ingredient.[75]

Upon a typical Saint Joseph'south Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, cookies, other meatless dishes, and zeppole. Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent sawdust since Joseph was a carpenter. Considering the banquet occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar usually has three tiers, to represent the Trinity.[76]

Saint Joseph the Worker [edit]

In 1870, Pope Pius IX declared Joseph patron of the Universal Church and instituted another feast, a solemnity with an octave, to be held in his honour on Wednesday in the second calendar week after Easter. In 1955, Pope Pius XII introduced the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker on one May in the Full general Roman Calendar as an ecclesiasical analogue to the International Workers' Day on the same day.[77] This reflects Saint Joseph'due south status as patron of workers. Pius XII. established the feast both to laurels Saint Joseph, and to make people aware of the dignity of man work.[78]

Patris corde and Year of Saint Joseph [edit]

Pope Francis on 8 December 2020, released the churchly letter Patris corde on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the announcement by Pius IX, on 8 Dec 1870, of Saint Joseph as patron of the Universal Church; for the same reason he declared a Year of Saint Joseph, from 8 December 2020, to viii Dec 2021.[79] [fourscore]

Patronage [edit]

Pope Pius IX proclaimed Saint Joseph the patron of the Universal Church building in 1870. Having died in the "arms of Jesus and Mary" according to Catholic tradition, he is considered the model of the pious believer who receives grace at the moment of death, in other words, the patron of a happy death.[81]

Saint Joseph is well known as the patron saint of fathers, both families and virgins, workers, especially carpenters, expecting mothers and unborn children. Amid many others, he is the patron saint of attorneys and barristers, emigrants, travelers and house hunters. He is invoked against and hesitation and for the grace of a holy expiry.[82]

Places, churches, and institutions [edit]

Many cities, towns, and locations are named afterward Saint Joseph. According to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Bureau, the Castilian course, San Jose, is the most mutual place proper noun in the world. Probably the almost-recognized San Joses are San José, Costa Rica, and San Jose, California, The states, given their name by Spanish colonists. Joseph is the patron saint of the New World; and of the regions Carinthia, Styria, Tyrol, Sicily; and of several primary cities and dioceses.[ citation needed ]

Many churches, monasteries and other institutions are defended to Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph'south Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world later that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Elsewhere in the world churches named after the saint may be known as those of San Giuseppe, e.g. San Giuseppe dei Teatini, San José, east.g. Metropolitan Cathedral of San José or São José, e.one thousand. in Porto Alegre, Brazil.[ commendation needed ]

The Sisters of St. Joseph were founded as an order in 1650 and have well-nigh fourteen,013 members worldwide. In 1871, the Josephite Fathers of the Catholic Church were created under the patronage of Joseph, intending to work with the poor. The first Josephites in America re-devoted their part of the social club to ministry within the newly emancipated African American customs. The Oblates of St. Joseph were founded in 1878 by Joseph Marello. In 1999 their Shrine of Saint Joseph the Guardian of the Redeemer was named later the Apostolic exhortation Redemptoris Custos.[83]

Prayers and devotions [edit]

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, during the feast day of Saint Joseph the following hymn is chanted:

Verily, Joseph the matrimonial, saw clearly in his old historic period that the foresayings of the Prophets had
been fulfilled openly; for he was given an odd earnest,
receiving inspiration from the angels,
who cried, Celebrity to God; for he hath bestowed peace on earth.

In the Catholic tradition, only as in that location are prayers for the Vii Joys of Mary and Seven Sorrows of Mary, there are also prayers for the 7 joys and seven sorrows of Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph is frequently invoked for employment, daily protection, vocation, happy union, and a happy death.[84] [85] [86]

Multiple venerated Catholics have described their devotion to Saint Joseph and his intercession. Francis de Sales included Saint Joseph along with Virgin Mary equally saints to be invoked during prayers in his 1609 book, Introduction to the Devout Life.[87] Teresa of Ávila attributed her recovery of wellness to Saint Joseph and recommended him every bit an abet.[88] Therese of Lisieux stated that she prayed daily to "Saint Joseph, Father and Protector of Virgins" and felt protected from danger as a consequence.[89] Pope Pius X composed a prayer to Saint Joseph which begins:[ninety]

Glorious St. Joseph, blueprint of all who are devoted to toil,
obtain for me the grace to toil, in the spirit of penance,
in order to thereby atone for my many sins...

At that place is a belief that planting a statue of Saint Joseph on the grounds of a dwelling-for-sale will assist sell the house.[91]

In art [edit]

Saint Joseph with the Flowering Rod, by Jusepe de Ribera, early 1630s. Ribera conveys the unexpected wonder of the moment with the lighting from above. Brooklyn Museum

In mosaics in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (432-40) Joseph is portrayed young, bearded and dressed every bit a Roman of condition.[92] Joseph is shown more often than not with a beard, non only in keeping with Jewish custom, merely also because – although the Gospel accounts do non give his age – afterward legends tend to present him equally an old man at the time of his wedding to Mary. Earlier writers idea the traditional imagery necessary to back up belief in Mary's perpetual virginity.[93] Jean Gerson nonetheless favoured showing him equally a younger human being.[94]

In contempo centuries – in step with a growing interest in Joseph's office in Gospel exegesis – he himself has get a focal figure in representations of the Holy Family. He is now often portrayed as a younger or even youthful man (perchance especially in Protestant depictions), whether going virtually his piece of work equally a carpenter, or participating actively in the daily life of Mary and Jesus equally an equal and openly appreciating fellow member.[95] Art critic Waldemar Januszczak however emphasises the preponderance of Joseph'due south representation as an sometime man and sees this as the need:

to explain away his impotence: indeed to symbolise it. In Guido Reni'southward Nativity, Mary is about fifteen, and he is virtually 70 – for the real love affair – is the i between the Virgin Mary and u.s.a.. She is young. She is perfect. She is virginal – it is Joseph'south task to stand aside and let us desire her, religiously. Information technology takes a peculiarly old, a specially gray, a peculiarly kindly and a particularly feeble homo to do that. ...Banished in vast numbers to the backgrounds of all those gloomy stables in all those ersatz Bethlehems, his complex iconographic task is to stand up aside and permit his wife exist worshipped past the remainder of us.[96]

However Carolyn Wilson challenges the long-held view that pre-Tridentine images were often intended to demean him.[97] Co-ordinate to Charlene Villaseñor Black, "Seventeenth-century Spanish and Mexican artists reconceptualized Joseph every bit an of import effigy, ... representing him as the youthful, physically robust, diligent head of the Holy Family."[98] In Bartolomé Esteban Murillo's The Two Trinities, Saint Joseph is given the same prominence as the Virgin.[ citation needed ]

Full cycles of his life are rare in the Middle Ages, although the scenes from the Life of the Virgin or Life of Christ where he is nowadays are far more than often seen. The Mérode Altarpiece of well-nigh 1425, where he has a console to himself, working as a carpenter, is an early example of what remained relatively rare depictions of him pursuing his métier.[ citation needed ]

Some statues of Joseph depict his staff as topped with flowers, recalling the non-canonical Gospel of James's account of how Mary'south spouse was chosen by collecting the walking sticks of widowers in Palestine, and Joseph's lone bursting into flower, thus identifying him as divinely chosen.[ citation needed ] The Gold Fable, which derives its business relationship from the much older Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, tells a like story, although it notes that all marriageable men of the Davidic line and not only widowers were ordered by the Loftier Priest to present their rods at the Temple. Several Eastern Orthodox Nascency icons testify Joseph tempted by the Devil (depicted equally an old man with furled wings) to break off his betrothal, and how he resists that temptation. There are some paintings with him wearing a Jewish hat.[ commendation needed ]

Chronology of Saint Joseph's life in fine art [edit]

  • Wedlock to the Virgin, Perugino, c. 1448

Music [edit]

Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Motet de St Joseph, H.368, for soloists, chorus, and continuo (1690)

Meet too [edit]

  • Matrimony of the Virgin
  • Statue of Saint Joseph, Charles Span
  • Portal:Cosmic Church building patron saint archive

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Domar: the calendrical and liturgical bicycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church 2003, Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Found, 2002, p. 530-1.
  2. ^ Boff, Leonardo (2009). Saint Joseph: The Father of Jesus in a Fatherless Social club. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 34. ISBN9781606080078. Legal male parent, because he cohabits with Mary, Jesus' mother. Through this title Mary is spared from imitation suppositions and Jesus from spurious origins.
  3. ^ Bauckham 2015, p. half-dozen-ix.
  4. ^ Sanders, Due east. P. (1995). The Historical Figure of Jesus. London: Penguin. p. 333. ISBN978-0-14-014499-4.
  5. ^ "stjoeshill.org - stjoeshill Resources and Information". ww1.stjoeshill.org.
  6. ^ "St. Joseph Lutheran Church building, Allentown, Pennsylvania". lutherans.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014.
  7. ^ Thomas H. Kinane (1884). St. Joseph, his life, his virtues [&c.]. A month of March in his honor. p. 214. OCLC 13901748.
  8. ^ Reverend Archdeacon Kinane. "Department VI - The perpetual virginity os St. Joseph". Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Ability. Aeterna Press. p. 138. OCLC 972347083. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Immaculate Virgin, Co-Redemptrix! The Mystical One who shall Reunite the Fathers Children". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020.
  10. ^ "Chaplet and Prayers of the Most Celibate Heart of St. Joseph" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 Oct 2015.
  11. ^ P. de Letter, "The Theology of Saint Joseph", The Clergy Monthly, March 1955, JSTOR 27656897
  12. ^ For the use of the term, see: James J. Davis, A Thomistic Josephology, 1967, University of Montreal, ASIN B0007K3PL4
  13. ^ "What'southward the Chronological Order of the New Testament Books?". 2 March 2018.
  14. ^ "Joseph in the Gospels of Mark and John". osjusa.org.
  15. ^ Spong, John Shelby. Jesus for the not-religious. HarperCollins. 2007. ISBN 0-06-076207-1.
  16. ^ Perrotta, Louise B. (2000). Saint Joseph: His Life and His Office in the Church Today. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. pp. 21, 110–112. ISBN978-0-87973-573-9.
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  18. ^ Henry Alford: Greek Testament, on Luke three:23. Alford records that many accept thus punctuated the verse, though Alford does not endorse it.
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  34. ^ Reed, 114–117, quotation p. 115
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  38. ^ Vermès 2004, pp. 398–417.
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  45. ^ a b Everett Ferguson, Michael P. McHugh, Frederick W. Norris, article "Joseph" in Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Volume one, p. 629
  46. ^ Luigi Gambero, "Mary and the fathers of the church building: the Blessed Virgin Mary in patristic thought" pp. 35–41
  47. ^ Church building FATHERS: The History of Joseph the Carpenter . Retrieved 8 December 2016.
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  74. ^ "Non-Stop New York'southward Italianissimo: La Festa di San Giuseppe NYC-Style".
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  83. ^ Mention Your Request Here: The Church's Nigh Powerful Novenas by Michael Dubruiel, 2000 ISBN 0-87973-341-one page 154
  84. ^ Devotions to St. Joseph by Susanna Magdalene Flavius, 2008 ISBN i-4357-0948-9 pages 5–15
  85. ^ "Powerful Novena to St. Joseph for Piece of work, Family, Task, Employment, to Sell Business firm". All Roads Lead to Rome . Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  86. ^ Devotions to St. Joseph from The Catholic Prayer Book and Transmission of Meditations past Patrick Francis Moran
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  88. ^ The interior castle by Saint Teresa of Ávila, Paulist Press 1979, ISBN 0-8091-2254-5 page two
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  91. ^ Applebome, Peter (sixteen September 2009). "St. Joseph, Superagent in Real Estate". New York Times . Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  92. ^ "Sacred Artwork – Year of St. Joseph". yearofstjoseph.org.
  93. ^ Stracke, Richard. "Saint Joseph: The Iconography ", Christian Iconography Augusta Academy, 21 June 2021
  94. ^ Shapiro:6–7
  95. ^ Finding St. Joseph by Sandra Miesel gives a useful account of the changing views of Joseph in fine art and generally in Catholicism
  96. ^ Waldemar Januszczak, "No ordinary Joe", The Sunday Times, December 2003
  97. ^ Wilson, Carolyn C., St. Joseph in Italian Renaissance Society and Fine art, Saint Joseph's University Press, 2001, ISBN 9780916101367
  98. ^ Black, Charlene Villaseñor, Creating the Cult of St. Joseph, Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 9780691096315

Sources [edit]

  • Bauckham, Richard (2015). Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early on Church building. Bloomsbury. ISBN9781474230476.
  • Ferguson, Everett; Michael P. McHugh, Frederick Due west. Norris, "Joseph" in Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Volume 1, p. 629
  • Crossan, John Dominic. Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography. Harpercollins: 1994. ISBN 0-06-061661-X.
  • Dickson, John. Jesus: A Brusque Life, Lion Hudson plc, 2008, ISBN 0-8254-7802-2, ISBN 978-0-8254-7802-four, Net Archive
  • Fiensy, David A., Jesus the Galilean: soundings in a first century life, Gorgias Printing LLC, 2007, ISBN one-59333-313-7, ISBN 978-i-59333-313-3, Google books
  • Vermès, Géza (2004). The authentic gospel of Jesus. London: Penguin Books. ISBN978-0-14-191260-viii. OCLC 647043972.

External links [edit]

  • "Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Quiet". swerfes.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2006.
  • "Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed". (Orthodox icon and synaxarion for the Sunday after Nascence)
  • "Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Placidity". swerfes.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2006.
  • "Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed". (Orthodox icon and synaxarion for the Sunday after Nativity)
  • "Saint Joseph, patriarch of State of israel and father of Jesus". Archived from the original on three May 2006.
  • "The Life of St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and foster-father of Our Lord Jesus Christ".
  • "Saint Joseph, in the Encyclopædia Britannica". 2010. Archived from the original on 12 Oct 2008.
  • "The vocation of Saint Joseph". Early on Christians. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 Jan 2013.
  • "Pillar Statue in St Peter'south Square in Rome". stpetersbasilica.info.
  • "St Joseph Chantry in St Peter's Basilica". stpetersbasilica.info.
  • Literature past and most Saint Joseph in the German language National Library catalogue
  • "Saint Joseph" in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
  • "Apostolic writing Redemptoris Custos by Pope John Paul 2". stjosef.at (in German).
  • "Saint Joseph in art". Monumente Online (in German). Archived from the original on 31 Dec 2015.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Joseph

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